Here are some of my favorites from 2016 (a few of these might have come out in 2015):
Fiction
1. Purity, Jonathan Franzen
2. High Dive, Jonathan Lee
3. The Sympathizer Viet Thanh Nguyen
4. The Sellout Paul Beatty
5. The Nix Nathan Hill
6. Swing Time Zadie Smith
7. Here I Am Jonathan Safron Foer
8. Jerusalem Alan Moore (not sure if this is really good, really bad, or both, but it is certainly ambitious).
I also heartily second Sawyer's recommendation of Seveneves.
Nonfiction:
1. One of Us: The Story of a Massacre in Norway--and its aftermath Asne Seierstad
2. Weapons of Math Destruction Cathy O'Neil
3. The Romanovs: 1613-1918 Simon Sebag Montefiore
4. I Contain Multitudes Ed Yong
5. The Fall of Heaven: The Pahlavis and the Final Days of Imperial Iran
6. Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS Jody Warrick
Sawyer's Pinker recommendation reminds me that I need to read it! Looks daunting, though.